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The limits of a primary source

Published July 26, 2026 · 1 min read

A client once sent a folder: incorporation papers, a court judgment, a government registry printout. Each document was genuine, exact, and unhelpful for the purpose he had in mind.

Wikipedia separates sources into primary and secondary, and the distinction is not a technicality. A primary source sits close to the event: a filing, a contract, a transcript, a certificate. It can confirm a fact once a secondary source has already treated that fact as worth mentioning. It cannot, by itself, establish that the fact speaks to the subject's notability.

Any interpretation of a primary source requires a reliable secondary source to back it up.
WP:PRIMARY, paraphrased

This is where a well-organized folder stops helping. A registry printout proves a company was incorporated on a given date; it says nothing about whether anyone independent thought that incorporation worth writing about. The document supports a sentence. It does not justify one.

Our advice runs opposite to the instinct to hand over more paperwork. Look first for the analyst who already read the filing, the reporter who already covered the judgment, the historian who already cited the transcript. Build the entry from what they wrote, and use the primary record only to check a date or a name once that secondary account exists.

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